This book discusses the most important concepts of hydropower. Hydroelectric power is one of the oldest methods of creating electricity and it is still one of the best. There are virtually no environmental problems, there are only a few mechanical parts, and yet we can get large amounts of electricity from it. However, in order to make hydropower effective there are some practical factors to consider. The book begins by explaining the basic concepts of hydropower, and showing the reader how hydropower works. The second chapter discusses dams and rivers. Related topics include reservoirs, spillways, and removal of debris. The third chapter explains how to calculate the amount of power from a hydropower system, and offers essential hydropower calculations for any situation. The fourth chapter provides an overview of micro-hydro systems, with some practical tips for those readers who are considering installing such a system. Micro-hydro systems are growing in popularity world-wide, serving individual homes and small communities. This chapter provides an overview of factors to consider when installing your micro-hydro system. The final chapter discusses turbines in detail. Whether you are building a micro-hydro system or a megawatt power plant, it is important to choose the proper turbine for your particular situation. In addition, some of these turbines are used in other types of power systems, such as coal or natural gas. Table of Contents 3.1 Hydropower Basics a. Introduction b. Brief description of hydroelectric power c. Closer look at the process d. Key factors in the amount of power from hydroelectric plants e. Relationship between flow of the water and height of the dam 3.2 Dams, Reservoirs, and Rivers a. Introduction b. Dams c. Controlling Water Flow (Sluice Gate and Spillways) d. Penstocks and Trash Racks e. Reservoirs f. Rivers 3.3 Power Calculations for Hydropower a. Introduction b. Rate of the Water c. Volume and Flow Comparisons d. The Head (the distance the water falls) e. Calculating Power 3.4 Micro-Hydro a. Introduction b. Measuring for Feasibly and Design c. Changing the River, Building Dams d. Turbine Selection e. Batteries and Emergency Generators 3.5 Turbines for Hydropower a. General Points on Selecting Turbines b. Classic Water Wheel c. Pelton Wheel d. Turgo e. Propeller f. Kaplan g. Francis h. Cross-Flow i. Turbines Compared Appendix Bibliography Index
